How do I cross-reference, use ibid or shortforms? (OSCOLA)
Answer
The first time you reference a source, full details should be given in the footnote. For subsequent citations, a short form of the reference can be given, followed by a cross reference (in brackets) to the fully referenced footnote. For cases, the short form is normally the first party name, and for books and articles the author's surname. If you refer to the same work in the immediately following footnote, you can use ibid (an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem, meaning 'in the same place'), instead of the short form. Pinpointing can also be used at the end of short forms and ibids.
Example
(Where footnote 3 refers to footnote 2; and footnote 4 and 6 refers to footnote 1; and footnote 7 refers to footnote 5)
1 Paul Richards, Law of Contract (14th edn, Pearson Education Limited 2019) 5.
2 Caroline Maughan and Julian Webb, Lawyering Skills and the Legal Process (2nd edn, Cambridge University Press 2005).
3 ibid 75.
4 Richards (n 1) 15.
5 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] QB 256 (CA).
6 Richards (n 1) 25.
7 Carlill (n 5) 258.
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